《资源研究进展》(Advances in Resources Research)为J-STAGE开放获取英文学术期刊,刊载能源、农业与食物、水资源与环境以及交叉领域的最新研究成果、研究进展,文章分为研究论文(Original Paper)和综述论文(Review Paper)。
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[Review Paper] Present situation and development trend of water drive development technology in the oil field: Take China as an example
Chunxiang Cao, Mingjie Lin
Published: October 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(4), 99-119. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.4_99
南襄盆地泌阳凹陷页岩油富集可采主控因素探讨
[Review Paper] Discussion on main controlling factors of shale oil enrichment and recoverability in Biyang Sag of Nanxiang Basin
Zhiye Xi
Published: July 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(3), 77-86. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.3_77
鄂尔多斯盆地陕北长7页岩油地应力特征及其对裂缝程度的影响
[Original Paper] In-situ stress characteristics and their influence on fracture height of Shaanbei Chang 7 shale oil in Ordos Basin
Xiaoxuan Kou, Luo Zuo, Yu Zhang, Bing Hou, Li Zhuang
Published: April 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(2), 55-66. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.2_55
中上元古界页岩油气地质特征及资源潜力分析:以燕山地区冀北凹陷为例
[Original Paper] Analysis on geological characteristics and resources potential of the Middle-Upper Proterozoic shale oil and gas: Taking North Hebei Depression in Yanshan area as an example
Xudong Hou, Jinchuan Zhang, Zhen Li, Zhongzheng Tong, Jia Tao, Haicheng Yu, Qingxi Zhang
Published: April 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(2), 41-54. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.2_41
渤海湾盆地济阳凹陷页岩油藏赋存特征
[Review Paper] Occurrence characteristics of the shale oil reservoir in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
Xinxia Cao
Published: January 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(1), 31-40. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.1_31
中国富含有机质页岩分布规律及页岩气勘探前景
[Review Paper] The distribution patterns of organic-rich shale and exploration prospect of shale gas in China
Jinchuan Zhang, Lamei Lin, Xuan Tang, Shengling Jiang, Yuxi Li
Published: January 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(1), 16-30. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.1_16
页岩油藏主控因素研究进展
[Review Paper] Research progress on main controlling factors of shale reservoirs
Xiaozheng Liu
Published: January 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(1), 1-15. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.1_1
海洋油气工业发展及展望
[Soliciting Contribution] The development and prospect of the offshore oil and gas industry
Jin Yang
Published: October 18, 2021
Advances in Resources Research, 2021, 1(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.50908/arr.1.1_1
中国非常规油气勘探开发进展
[Soliciting Contribution] Exploration and exploitation progress of unconventional oil and gas in China
Jinchuan Zhang, Zhongzheng Tong, Jialiang Niu
Published: October 18, 2021
Advances in Resources Research, 2021, 1(1), 13-19. DOI: 10.50908/arr.1.1_13
测定页岩气含量的罐解吸法
[Soliciting Contribution] Canister desorption method for shale gas content measurement
Shuangbiao Han, Jinchuan Zhang
Published: October 18, 2021
Advances in Resources Research, 2021, 1(1), 20-27. DOI: 10.50908/arr.1.1_20
致密油藏的地质特征及富集区评价:以中国沉积盆地为例
[Review Paper] Geological characteristics and concentrated zones evaluation of tight oil reservoirs: A case study of the sedimentary basins in China
Xiaozheng Liu
Published: October 18, 2021
Advances in Resources Research, 2021, 1(1), 33-47. DOI: 10.50908/arr.1.1_33
渤海湾盆地济阳凹陷页岩油藏勘探开发潜力:基于老油井资料的再评价
[Research Note] The exploration potential of shale oil reservoirs in Jiyang depression, Bohai Bay Basin: Revaluations based on old oil wells data
Xiuhai Wang
Published: October 18, 2021
Advances in Resources Research, 2021, 1(1), 48-56. DOI: 10.50908/arr.1.1_48
[Review Paper] Research progress on the impact of climate change on wheat in China
Yan Fei, Shitong Jiang
Published: October 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(4), 120-132. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.4_120
气候变化对中国水稻影响的研究进展
[Review Paper] Advances in impacts of climate change on rice in China
Yangzi Liu
Published: April 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(2), 67-76. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.2_67
中国食品和农产品的国际贸易转变
[Soliciting Contribution] Transforming food and agricultural trade in China
Wensheng Zhang, Xinping Lu, Zhihong Lv
Published: October 18, 2021
Advances in Resources Research, 2021, 1(1), 28-32. DOI: 10.50908/arr.1.1_28
[Review Paper] Research progress on the evolution characteristics of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta
Mei Lu, Ying Jiang
Published: July 18, 2022
Advances in Resources Research, 2022, 2(3), 87-98. DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.3_87
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《资源研究进展》刊载能源、农业与食物、水资源与环境以及交叉领域的最新研究成果、研究进展,文章分为研究论文(Original Paper)和综述论文(Review Paper)。
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气候变化已导致中国冬小麦主产区种植北界出现了不同程度的北移西扩。在未来气候变化背景下,这一趋势可能会继续发展。就全国而言,冬小麦种植界限北移并不意味着整体小麦种植面积的扩大。由于冬小麦种植区逐步北移,使北部地区的种植面积增加,然而南部地区冬小麦种植区面积则可能缩减。气候变暖通常会导致作物生长速度加快,生育期缩短,从而造成作物产量下降。气候变化不但影响着冬小麦的产量,也影响着春小麦的产量。优化传统冬小麦-夏玉米模式并探索新型种植模式是挖掘作物高产潜力,对应气候变化的重要途径。由于气候变化对小麦产量影响具有复杂性,今后还需大量细致完善的研究工作,包括考虑多种气象指标、对比评估各个小麦主产区产量变化等等。
摘自:《Advances in Resources Research》DOI: 10.50908/arr.2.4_120
The enrichment of shale oil is mainly controlled by the main factors of enrichment and recoverability. Based on previous studies, this paper discusses the main controlling factors of shale oil enrichment and recovery in Biyang Sag from six aspects: (1) hydrocarbon generation basis, (2) hydrocarbon expulsion characteristics, (3) storage spaces, (4) reservoir reformability, (5) crude oil’s physical properties, and (6) mobility. This paper has a certain reference significance for the exploration and development of shale oil in this area.
Climate change has led to varying degrees of northward migration and westward expansion of the northern boundary of the main winter wheat-producing areas in China. This trend is likely to continue in the context of future climate change. Therefore, based on the temporal and spatial characteristics of climatic resources in winter wheat planting areas, identifying the key growth periods of winter wheat yield changes in different regions, adjusting agricultural planting structure, and optimizing wheat breeding are important research contents in the future.
The Bohai Bay Basin, located in Eastern China, is a rift basin formed based on the extensional thinning of the lithosphere in the eastern Circum-Pacific tectonic region. The basin consists of a series of low uplift belts separating several depressions. Jiyang Depression, located in the southwest of Bohai Bay Basin, is a typical continental faulted lacustrine basin. Jiyang Depression has a complex structural framework, rich reservoir types, and multiple sets of source rocks, forming rich and colorful reservoir types, and its reservoir characteristics and distribution rules are very representative. The strata of Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic,
and Cenozoic have been developed vertically in Jiyang Depression. Starting from the late Jurassic, after three tectonic development stages of fault depression (Yanshan movement), fault depression (Jiyang movement), and depression (Dongying movement), extremely thick continental strata were deposited and petroliferous basins represented by Paleogene faulted lake basins were formed[12]
Some studies use software to analyze the changing trend of wheat planting boundaries and think that winter wheat may replace spring wheat in the future. In this study, when analyzing the planting area and distribution range of winter wheat in different years, it is found that the planting area of winter wheat has increased at a rate of about 200,000 hectares per decade in the past 50 years. and the northern boundary latitude of winter wheat has moved northward at a rate of 0.0427°per decade. If we follow this trend, the northern boundary of winter wheat will move about 0.2 °northward in the next 50 years, which may make winter wheat replace spring wheat.
Some studies have found that the growth period of winter wheat and spring wheat is shortened in varying degrees due to the increase in temperature and the acceleration of development. The growing period of winter wheat was shortened by 1-12 days, with an average of 7.3 days. Spring wheat was shortened by 5-17 days, with an average of 10.5 days. Because the growth period of spring wheat is shorter than that of winter wheat, the impact of climate change on the growth period of spring wheat is greater than that of winter wheat. The shortening of the growth period of winter wheat and spring wheat will affect their yield.
页岩中赋存有丰富的石油资源已经是学术界和产业界的共识,页岩储层的生烃潜力、储烃条件、油性及流动性条件等共同决定了页岩油的富集程度和可采量(可流动性、可流动量、可动条件等)。目前,在页岩油成藏主控制因素以及富集可采主控因素评价研究上,主要侧重于个别评价指标等的有关研究,当评价指标指向不一致时,无法给出定性结论或储层间的比较,缺乏综合性评价。在页岩油的可流动性、不同条件下页岩中吸附态与游离态页岩油的比例、吸附态页岩油向游离态页岩油转换条件(包括压力、热解对吸附态页岩油的波及范围和影响效应),以及将这些要素融合于页岩油富集可采评价的研究还没有系统展开。而这些关键科学问题正是全面认知页岩油聚集机理的一个重要方面,事关页岩油富集可采评价能否突破的关键。
虽然Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型决定着烃源岩有机质生液态烃的潜力,但是也与有机质成熟度密切相关。例如,有研究通过对鄂尔多斯盆地等Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型有机质生烃模拟实验得出,随着有机质成熟度增加,储层中有机质逐步转化成烃类物质,滞留烃数量呈先增后减的变化趋势,其中Ro值为0.5%~1.0%阶段滞留液态烃的数量最大。
地层压力对储层微孔隙的发育也有一定负面影响,主要有以下几点。①持续的压实作用会减少有机质等塑性物质的微孔隙尺寸和数量。②压力增加延迟或抑制油气生成。③油气的滞留会产生异常高压区而形成微裂缝,当油气排出后微裂缝又趋向关闭。④在构造抬升区,页岩中微裂缝广泛发育,造成储层页岩油气的大量逸散。由此可见,地层压力虽然是页岩油流动的动力,也是阻止储层微孔隙发育的因素之一。
黄河三角洲湿地由自然湿地和人工湿地组成,天然湿地面积比重较大。自然湿地又可分为咸水湿地和淡水湿地,咸水湿地面积大于淡水湿地。咸水湿地多分布于海岸带附近,沿海岸线向陆地延伸。咸水湿地分布格局是:泥沙质滩涂-翅碱蓬沼泽-翅碱蓬柽柳沼泽-芦苇柽柳沼泽。淡水湿地多分布于河流沿岸,呈现出由河流中心线向两岸展开。淡水湿地的分布格局是:河流-河漫滩芦苇沼泽-柳林沼泽-草甸沼泽。人工湿地也有其分布特征。水库坑塘、虾蟹田和盐田多分布于距离海岸线较近的沿海区域,水田和沟渠则多分布于河流沿岸附近。
能源是人类社会发展的重要物质基础,当今社会的发展与进步离不开能源。能源也是国家经济命脉,在经济发展的过程中,能源起着重要的支撑作用。能源的供应能力制约着经济发展,世界上没有哪个国家在能源供应不稳定的情况下,维持国家实力的稳步上升。能源问题尤其是石油问题已是世界各国共同关注的问题,几乎所有的国家把能源问题置于能源战略的核心位置,把能源问题与经济可持续发展联系在一起。
松辽盆地。中国最大的石油生产基地,也是目前世界上已发现的油气资源最为丰富的非海相沉积盆地。位于此的大庆油田,是我国重要的石油及石油化学工业基地。在喜迎新中国成立60周年之际,大庆也即将迎来油田50岁华诞。50年间,大庆创造了我国石油工业的“三个第一”:原油产量第一,上缴利税第一,原油采收率第一,主力油田采收率已突破50%,比国内外同类油田高出10至15个百分点,1976年到2002年实现持续27年原油年产量5000万吨以上。
中国陆上湖相碳酸盐岩的形成和分布受控于构造背景、气候、物源供给和海侵等多方面因素,主要发育生物礁型和复杂岩性型两类湖相碳酸盐岩,除分布局限的生物礁外,储层物性总体较差,为典型的致密油储层。湖相碳酸盐岩储层多与烃源岩互层或共生发育,具备较好的成藏条件,油气富集高产受沉积相、裂缝发育和构造位置等多因素控制,甜点预测难度大。
地层压力不但为有机质生烃演化创作条件,也为页岩油的流动提供动力。页岩储层中石油和天然气的流动性有一定区别,天然气具有较强的扩散能力,在常压或微超压下可以扩散运移。由于石油的分子比天然气分子大,相对扩散运移能力较弱,需要一定的压力才能维持石油的扩散运移。因此,地层压力能为页岩油的流动提供足够的能量,是页岩油产出的重要因素。既往研究显示,地层压力系数大于1.2的储层是页岩油富集可采层区。济阳坳陷的测井资料显示,压力系数基本上大于1.2,其中,部分层区的压力系数高达2.0,这为页岩油的运移提供了动力。但是,从我国页岩油的实际开发状况来看,地层压力并不是页岩油产出能力的决定性条件,例如,鄂尔多斯盆地虽然为低压页岩油藏(压力系数:0.6~0.8),却展现了出良好的勘探开发潜力。因此,地层压力的形成演化及其对页岩油流动的影响机制研究需要进一步研究。
页岩储层中的页岩油主要是以游离态和吸附态2种形式存在,以目前的开发技术水平,只能开采页岩储层中的游离态石油。氯仿沥青“A”和热解参数S1无论如何与TOC组合,只是反映不同赋存态的性质差异,无法表述页岩油中游离烃和吸附烃的数量以及比例关系。电阻率、含油饱和度、密度、黏度、气油比和地层压力虽然能在一定程度上评价页岩油流动性,但是无法表述页岩油游离态向吸附态转化的条件。由于页岩油储层的组成成分、赋存方式等具有特殊性,传统的检测方法和评价指标难以达到表征不同赋存态烃的目的,对深入认知页岩油的赋存特征、评价页岩油富集可采性存在不足。
基于页岩油气的资源特征和开发特点,并借鉴已有研究成果,我们认为页岩油气资源开发受多重不确定条件的影响。有效的页岩油气资源开发主要通过地质开发有利区优选、开发技术进步和良好的外部环境(能源价格、政府能源政策等)来实现。页岩油气资源开发技术经济可采性评价主要包括3个方面内容:(1)成藏地质条件评价;(2)开发技术条件评价;(3)能源价格、政府能源政策等的外部环境条件评价。成藏地质条件评价目的是寻找油气,评价的主要内容是根据页岩油气资源的赋存机理、分布规律、岩相划分、岩石发育状况等分级评价开发目标区。开发技术条件评价目的是开发页岩油气,主要从开发技术角度对页岩油气资源开发进行评价,水平井钻井技术系列、压裂技术系列是主要的开发方式,意在提高油气采收率的同时降低开发成本。外部环境影响着页岩油气资源开发的经济性,评价的主要内容是从经济性角度对页岩油气资源开发进行界定。
既往研究主要研究了气候因素对水稻产量的影响。在其它条件不变的情况下,气候变暖会缩短水稻生长周期,令花期和结果期提前,导致导致产量下降。总体来看,气候变暖时,中国三大稻作系统水稻产量有增有减。通过适宜的方式可以应对气候变化带来的不利影响, 使水稻产量稳步提高。然而, 未来气候变化仍将严重制约水稻生产,增加农业技术创新的难度。
孔隙度表示岩石中孔隙空间,其值的大小决定着页岩油的含有量。孔隙度与页岩油储集能力呈正相关关系,孔隙度越大,储集能力越强。另外,孔隙度越大渗透率也就越好,页岩油在储层中也就易于流动,有利于页岩油产出。既往研究显示:虽然孔隙度小于4%的储层赋存一定的页岩油资源,但是富集可采性较差[65];而认为孔隙度在3.0%~4.0%以上的储层具有经济开发价值。济阳坳陷沾化凹陷的资料显示,页岩油储层的孔隙度大于3.0%,最高达到16%,具有一定的储烃条件。
进入21世纪,随着科学技术的不断进步,世界范围的非常规油气资源研究及勘探开发迅猛发展,使非常规油气在世界油气新增储量和产量中所占的比例越来越大,已成为常规油气资源重要的战略接替资源。页岩油是非常规油气的一种,其资源储量丰富,是具有规模化开发条件和商业化发展前景的非常规油气资源之一,是继页岩气之后非常规油发展的重要领域。美国是页岩油资源开发最成功的国家,页岩油产量已经占到美国国内石油总产量的50%以上。中国页岩油资源分布广泛,不论是西部的塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、吐哈盆地,中部的四川盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地,还是东部的松辽盆地、渤海湾盆地等地页岩油均有发现。目前,中国对页岩油的成藏机理研究与认知已逐渐展开并不断深入,根据与美国页岩油成藏地质条件的对比分析,中国页岩油资源规模巨大,勘探开发前景广阔。
虽然页岩油资源开发潜力巨大,但是油气资源形成独特,资源特征有别于常规油气资源。不论是在富集特征、赋存状态、分布规律,还是在勘探开发方式、技术经济评价等方面,均与常规油气资源明显不同,这就决定了页岩油的成藏研究和勘探开发评价的思路、方法有别于常规油气资源。并且,中国页岩油储层的地质构造与美国差异较大:美国目前勘探开发的页岩油赋存于海相页岩,具有成熟度高、页岩油(原油)密度小、黏度低等特征;中国页岩油主要为陆相页岩,具有成熟度低、页岩油密度大、黏度较高等特征,中国页岩油的成藏地质条件更具有复杂性和特殊性。
页岩油是主体上以吸附和游离相态赋存于页岩(或泥岩)地层中的石油资源。美国目前勘探开发的页岩油赋存于海相页岩,是页岩油资源开发最成功的国家。而中国页岩油主要为陆相页岩,中美两国海陆相页岩油特征存在相当的差异。本项目以页岩油既往研究成果为基础,结合渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷的页岩解剖,在实验分析基础上,对页岩油聚集机理、运聚动力条件、成藏主控因素、保存分布及“甜心”评价预测等进行系统研究,建立页岩油成藏主控因素及“甜心”评价模型,重点突出构造改造作用的影响,探讨适合于中国地质特点的页岩油预测模型和评价方法。本项目研究将借助于页岩气等研究成果,突出国内与国外、实验与实例、理论与实际、页岩油与其它类型油气对比研究方法,重点研究页岩含油量变化及其影响因素。研究成果将对渤海湾盆地及中国海陆相页岩油勘探的进一步突破具有重要意义,为石油资源战略规划提供参考。
姐妹刊《地理研究通报》最新刊载文章
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